Indian Education: Facts and Figures

Type of Universities	Numbers
Central Universities	20
State Universities	222
Deemed Universities	109
Institutes under the state ordinance	05
Institutes of National Importance	13
National Institute of technology	18
Indian Institute of technology	07
Indian Institute of Management	07
Indian Institute of Information Technology	04
Indian Institute of Science	04
Research Institutes	136
Colleges (Including 102 Girls colleges)	18,064
Primary Schools	9 Lakh +
High Schools	140000 +

65.38% of the total population in India is estimated to be educated. In which male education %tage is 75.85 and female education %tage is only 54.16. Sources: Publication Dept., Govt of India, 2007.

Some leading states of India in education sector are:

States	% Education	Male % Education	Female % Education
Kerala	90.22	94.20	87.86
Delhi	81.82	88.88	75.51
Himachal Pradesh	77.13	86.02	68.08
Karnataka	87.04	76.20	57.45
Maharashtra	77.27	86.27	67.51
Tamil Nadu	73.47	82.33	64.55
Mizoram	88.49	90.69	86.13
Uttar Pradesh	72.28	84.01	60.26
Gujarat	70.97	68.00	59.60

Worst condition of education is in the following states:

States	% Education	Male % Education	Female % Education
Bihar	47.53	60.32	33.57
J&K	54.46	65.75	41.82
Jharkhand	54.13	67.94	39.38
Arunachal Pradesh	54.74	64.07	44.24
Uttrakhand	57.36	70.23	42.98

Average States:

States	% Education	Male % Education	Female % Education
Madhya Pradesh	64.11	76.80	50.28
Orissa	63.61	75.93	50.97
Haryana	67.59	78.25	56.31
Rajasthan	61.03	76.46	44.34
West Bengal	67	75.58	60.22

Mostly the condition of female education is bad in the country. People don't provide much opportunities to the girls to compete their studies. Figures shows that in the average states and worst states, the percentage of female education is mostly(90%) below the 50%. There is a huge difference between the male and female education ratio. To be a developed nation, this ratio should be equal in both education and birth rate. Women are provided various remedies in our constitution and by other laws but still their condition is not so well as needs to be.

Out of 100 Graduates with the correct degree, number of people in different countries getting employment in various sectors(March 2008):

Country	Engineer	Finance	Generalist
Hungary	50	50	30
Czech Republic	50	40	20
Poland	50	40	15
Russia	10	20	10
Malaysia	35	25	20
India	25	15	10
Philippines	20	30	25
China	10	15	3
Mexico	20	25	11
Brazil	13	13	8

This is the condition of fresh Graduates in different countries in the year 2007. In India it is not Improving. In other countries, there is little improvement.

Number of Graduates:

Country	MBA	Engg.	IT
India	86,825	4,42,809	54,167
USA	1,00,000	1,12,300	84,800
China	12,000	5,00,000	NA

Sources: WIPO statistics and research, 2006

Education Budget of central Govt. and State Govt.

Year	%of GDP	Rs. in Crore
2001-02	2.98	68,071
2002-03	2.96	72,535
2003-04	2.79	85,793
2004-05	2.74	1,02,628
2005-06	2.88	1,17,812
2006-07	2.87

India produced only 26 PHDs in computer science in 2006 while china produced around 2,500 and the U.S. 850. Only 11% of eligible youngsters in the age group of 18-25 enrolled for PHDs in India, while the corresponding no. in China has reached 25% and is between 35% and 50% on the developed world. We wanted to become a developed nation by 2020 and research work is carried so slowly or less on quantity. Students need to be motivated for greater research works. Only IT and science can keep the nation on move to be developed nation. Newly invented technology and biotech are two fields where special attention is acquired. Govt. is sleeping and busy in political cards. As I said in the beginning that there is lack of political will in India for educational reforms.

In India most of the people choose to teach or prefer the job of teacher because they don’t get another job. Where as the job of teacher is tough and more responsible.

The number of schools and colleges are increasing but the quality is going low. Specially in private sector it is becoming a business. There are large number of schools and colleges of private owners. But in a very few institutions quality is up to the mark, otherwise they are appointing those faculties, who charge less amount for salary. In the interviews, candidates are asked about salaries, who demands less, he gets appointed. And off course, well experienced faculty will demand more.

Govt. needs to setup a panel that would appoint faculties even for the private sector institutes at least who are dealing for higher education, so that students get good faculties.